During the Uzbek khanates, jewelers used silver more often.
Gold was less common because of its high cost, but the gilding technique was widespread.
For people who could not afford expensive jewelry, masters resorted to various tricks to create objects so luxurious they were not different in appearance to items made of precious metals and stones.
So, jewelry made of silvered copper was an affordable option. Colored glass, especially red, green and blue, was used to imitate rubies, emeralds and sapphires.
By the late 19th century, opaque light blue glass grew highly popular as substitute of turquoise.

Some adornments consisted of a thin metal case filled with a special compound, making them look more heavy and expensive.

Read about 19th and 20th-century jewelry in the book-album Collections of the Czech Republic from the Cultural Legacy of Uzbekistan in the World Collections series.
The general sponsor of the project "Cultural legacy of Uzbekistan in the world collections" is the oilfield services company Eriell Group.