Samarkand, the oldest cities in the world, the same age as Rome and Babylon, has experienced many events over the centuries of its rich history. Almost since its foundation, it became a capital city and the largest center of Sogdiana. Alexander the Great admired its beauty; centuries later, the city still fascinated everyone who traveled along the routes of the Great Silk Road. Under the Karakhanids, Samarkand became the largest center of Islamic civilization, the center of science and culture. But the true heyday of the city is associated with the name of Amir Temur, who made it his brilliant capital. Each mentioned period of history is represented by remarkable artistic monuments, which can be seen on the pages of this volume. So, we can judge about the Bronze Age by unique examples of jewelry, clay items and petroglyphs. The antique period is represented by a collection of coins, fragments of high reliefs and terracotta friezes. The Early Middle Ages are depicted primarily by paintings from the palace halls of King Varkhuman, the discovery of which became an archaeological sensation. The colorful picture with multi-figure compositions and an intricate plot literally fascinates the viewer. Fragments of this mural are presented in this volume. No less interesting are sections related to the period of the Temurids and the Uzbek khanates.