This book-album is the second part of a trilogy representing the cultural heritage of Uzbekistan in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg). Whereas part one was dedicated to the ancient and early Medieval periods, the second part covers the high Middle Ages, when the territory of present-day Uzbekistan was identified by the Arabs as Mawarannahr – (Lands beyond the River [the Amu Darya]). It provides diverse information about the culture of such dynasties as the Karakhanids and Temurids, about the period between these dynasties, when the region was ruled by the Mongols, and presents bright artifacts created in these periods. These are fragments of architectural decor, pottery, toreutics, jewelry, glass items etc. Within the framework of the Cultural Legacy of Uzbekistan project, they have for the first time become the subject of a special generalizing study. The volume also gives information about expedition research made by the Hermitage staff into the ancient archaeological sites that flourished during the high Middle Ages. One of such archaeological sites is Paykend, an ancient city in the Bukhara oasis, founded in the 4th-3rd century BCE. Artifacts discovered in Paykend include weapons and ammunition used by the Sogdian militaries, fragments of unique wall paintings from a palace and a temple dated to the 5th-6th century, 9th-10th-century jewelry, Bukharan silver coins imitating those of the Sassanian king Peroz, who ruled until the 7th century AD, children's ceramic toys, vessels for medicine and perfume dated to the 8th-mid-10th centuries and other.